3.4 is true, the short-lived LSPs could raise the pH values of precipitation in Japan, and those values were not representative of precipitation for all of Japan (representing only the traveling distance of LSPs, 1-10 km). 1 Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, 305-0052, Japan 2Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. The present one-way nested global-through-regional-scale model is named the Meteorological Research Institute-Passive-tracers Model system for atmospheric Chemistry (MRI-PM/c). In Sect. 2, we describe the MRI-PM/c model and the observational data that we used. Regional Air Quality Model 2 (RAQM2; Kajino et al., 2012) offline, coupled with the regional meteorological models, incorporates major atmospheric chemical and dynamic processes, such as emissions of anthropogenic trace species, biomass burning, biogenic and natural (dust and sea salt) aerosol emissions, advection and turbulent diffusion, photochemistry and new particle formation, gas-to-particle conversion of inorganic and organic compounds, Brownian coagulation, CCN and IN activation and cloud microphysical processes, grid-scale liquid-phase chemistry in hydrometeors as well as in aerosol water, subgrid-scale convection and wet scavenging, and dry deposition of gas and particles. Nevertheless, it is not possible to explain the discrepancy because the current model configuration is not appropriate to simulate it: the horizontal grid resolution is too coarse to resolve the NC stations, kajino z and the sea salt emission in the surf zone is not considered.
Suto et al. (2010) estimated that depositional mass fluxes of sea salt particles of whole size ranges (coarse mode plus LSPs) decreased by one order of magnitude at distances of several kilometers from Tokyo Bay and by two orders of magnitude at distances of several tens of kilometers from the coast. Walcek, C. J. and Aleksic, N. M.: A simple but accurate mass conservative peak-preserving, mixing ratio bounded advection algorithm with fortran code, Atmos. Kajino et al. (2012) showed that the modeled size distributions, such as PM2.5/ PM10 of total mass and PM1/bulk ratios of chemical components, were consistent with the observations. To simulate processes in the evolution of aerosol mi-croscale properties such as chemical composition, size distribution, and mixing state, we developed a new triple-moment aerosol dynamics model (Kajino, 2011a, b; Kajino and Kondo, 2011; Kajino et al., 2012). RAQM2 enables non-equilibrium calculations of gas-to-particle mass transfers over a wide range of aerosol particle diameters, from 1nm to supermicron particles. Carmichael, G.R., Sakurai, T., Streets, D., Hozumi, Y., Ueda, H., Park, S.U., Fung, C., Han, Z., Kajino, M., Engardt, M. et al.
Kajino, M. (2003). Modeling Liquid Water Content of Atmospheric Aerosols. Holloway, T., Sakurai, T., Han, Z., Ehlers, S., Spak, S.N., Horowitz, L.W., Carmichael, G.R., Streets, D., Hozumi, Y., Ueda, H. et al. Hayami, H., Sakurai, T., Han, Z., Ueda, H., Carmichael, G.R., Streets, D., Holloway, T., Wang, Z., Thongboonchoo, N., Engardt, M. et al. Han, Z., Sakurai, T., Ueda, H., Carmichael, G.R., Streets, D., Hayami, H., Wang, Z., Thongboonchoo, N., Engardt, M., Bennet, C. et al. Sudo, K., Takahashi, M., and Akimoto, H.: CHASER: A global chemical model of the troposphere 2. Model results and evaluation, J. Geophys. Zhang, Y. H., Hu, M., Zhong, L. J., Wiedensohler, A., Liu, S. C., Andreae, M. O., Wang, W., and Fan, S. J.: Regional Integrated Experiments on Air Quality over Pearl River Delta 2004 (PRIDE-PRD2004): Overview, Atmos. Tang, X., Wang, Z., Zhu, J., Abaguidi, A., Wu, Q., Li, J., and Zhu, T.: Sensitivity of ozone to precursor emissions in urban Beijing with a Monte Carlo scheme, Atmos. Imlay, P. Kirk, J. Lim, R. R. McNeil, W. Metcalf, C. P. Cheng, J. Li, Y. K. Li, Z. P. Mao, Y. T. Xu, Y. C. Zhu, A. Abashian, K. Gotow, E. H. Low, M. E. Mattson, F. Naito, L. Piilonen, K. L. Sterner, S. Lusin, C. Rosenfeld, A. Wang, S. Wilson, M. Frautschi, H. Kagan, R. Kass, C. G. Trahern, Winston Ko, R. L. Lander, K. Maeshima, R. L. Malchow, J. R. Smith, K. Sparks, M. C.S.
MICS-Asia III: multi-model comparison and evaluation of aerosol over East Asia L. Chen, Y. Gao, M. Zhang, J. S. Fu, J. Zhu, H. Liao, J. Li, K. Huang, B. Ge, X. Wang, Y. F. Lam, C.-Y. Asia is the most populated region in the world, and its associated anthropogenic emissions are huge (Ohara et al., 2007; Kurokawa et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009). In addition to these anthropogenic emissions, massive amounts of Asian dust particles are lofted from arid and semi-arid regions of the Asian continent. These options are also used for the analysis nudging method. JMA Meso-Regional Objective Analysis (MANAL) data sets (3 h, 5 km x 5 km). Regression analysis of anthropogenic sulfur oxides showed similar results for nss-SO2" aerosols, and W-nss-SO2" in precipitation, while a somewhat lower R was obtained for SO2 gas (Fig. 7a). The Sim:Obs ratio was greater for SO2 than it was for the other two phases (Fig. 7b). In addition to uncertainty in SO2 emission amount, overestimation of SO2 is likely due to underestimation of dry deposition velocities or underestimation of the oxidation rate from S(IV) to S(VI).

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